Sunday, March 28, 2010

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FEATURES AND MATERIALS

ELECTROLYSIS

Electrolysis converts electrical energy into chemical energy. Electrolysis takes place in electrolytic cells. An electrolytic Cuba is a vessel containing an electrolyte in which are immersed two electrodes, anode and cathode. These electrodes are connected to a DC power source (battery) to the positive anode and cathode to the negative side.

When the battery is connected there are two half-reactions: oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode.

National Institute of Chile





bite
HIGHLIGHTS:
acts at right angles, always down, which provides precise lines.


Edge Effects: During electrolysis generates greater tendency to bite into the edge than in the center.


Effects Online Lines isolated rather than bite the hatched lines.



MAIN MATERIALS

Copper Sulfate:
- Used as an electrolyte, its concentration influences the results. The recommended concentrations are 160 g x liter of distilled water and 200g x liter of distilled water.
- The solution is not exhausted, making it very stable, but the distilled water evaporates and you have to maintain their level.
- During electrolysis does not generate waste or gases toxic.


stainless steel grill:
- It receives the negative anode copper, should be the width of the bucket .

alligator clips plastic tip:
-For best electrolytic contact. Strip

Contact:
- Allows an electrical bridge between the copper plate and the positive pole.
- Must be copper, approximately 1.5 x 30 cm

Vertical Bucket:
- can be plastic, PVC, resin, etc.
- At the mouth of the bucket should be placed 2 copper bars (electrodes) at a distance of 6 to 10 cm, which should be out of the electrolyte solution. A one bar is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and you hang a stainless steel mesh (anode) to the other bar is connected to the positive terminal of power supply and the plates are hung copper to be recorded (cathode).

Important positive and negative poles should not touch each other while the source is in operation. (May cause short)



Features Power Source:
- Continuous current
- Digital display control voltage (0-9 volts) and current (10-15 amps)
- Precautions: Do not raise the voltage beyond 2 volts, as it begins to generate hydrogen and oxygen (elements or explosives). Alfonso Crujera recommend working between 0.5 and 1 volts and the amperage that determines the quality of the bite.


can use alternative power sources: Auto Batteries, Power Supplies modified computer processors, etc.



FAQ:

Do you spend a lot of energy?

- No, the equivalent of having a lighted bulb.

Can I stream?

- No, the voltage is very low deals.


Saturday, March 27, 2010

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RESEARCH: Electrolysis with Computer Power Supply


Recording to 0.5 Volt

materials and components used:
- Computer Power Supply 500 Watts
- MOSFET IRF 530: 14A, 100 Volts, 68W
- control circuit based on integrated NE555N.
- Voltmeter (Tester)

NE555N__________ MOSFET IRF 530 __________ Voltmeter

computer power supply:

These sources are manufactured according to the characteristics disitintas computer where you are going to use and its components constitute a good basis for a controlled power source alternative.
The main features that this source must have to be amended:
-5 volt line must have a minimum capacity of 20 Amps.
-Must have OVP (Over Voltage Protection) and OVC (over current protection), ie, protection against over-voltage and amperage to avoid damaging the power in case of exceeding its capacity.



Control Circuit:
The computer power supplies deliver a fixed voltage and have 3 voltage lines 3, 5 and 12 Volts, of which use 5 Volts line because it has a good relationship amperage / voltage.
The control circuit is designed to regulate the amount of voltage applied in the electrolysis process in a wide range, varying from 0 to 5 volts as needed.
The most basic control circuit is very cheap and easy to build, but requires constant operator attention to maintain the desired voltage and not exceed the time of the electrolytic bath.
The components important control circuit is an integrated circuit and a MOSFET IRF NE555N 530. NE555N The integrated oscillator is a circuit that generates a square wave at its output. The frequency and duty cycle is controlled by resistors, capacitor and a potentiometer. The system used to regulate the voltage, is known as PWM (pulse width modulation for its acronym in English). This system is to generate pulses that are 0 to 5 Volts, so that by varying the amount of time it takes the pulse of 5 volts total voltage is controlled:


The integrated NE555N

is unable by itself to control the amount of current required in electrolysis process, it is used for another component called MOSFET which is a kind of electronic switch, which is activated when it receives a pulse circuit integrated. Each MOSFET has a capacity of 14 Amps. Putting several of these in parallel, one can multiply the total number of amps they can control. You must have a voltmeter connected to the electrodes so that the operator check how much voltage is applied during the recording process.
Another type of control circuit, a bit more complicated to assemble and more expensive, could allow the operator to program the amount of voltage to be used in the process and the etching time. It could also monitoring practice and record the resistance to the passage of current between the electrodes, temperature and other variables to consider within the research process.
The way to control the voltage is the same as using the most basic control circuit (PWM), but in this case would require a microcontroller and the PIC 16F873A and some other components as the data you want to collect in the etching process .
Another interesting possibility offered by the microcontroller, is working voltage regulation using different types of waves, not only square, which could lead to different results metal engraving.



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modified RESEARCH: Oscilloscope used by Gonzalo Aspe to measure the waves generated by electrolysis


Oscilloscope:

The use of an oscilloscope is not absolutely necessary, but may be helpful in studying results is the use of different waveforms during the recording process. Professional
An oscilloscope can be quite expensive, but there is a low-cost alternative: Using the sound card as a means of capturing COPUT and a few electronic components, it is possible to plot what happens in the bucket with precision quite acceptable.


waveform generated by the most basic control circuit, graph for what midiende on the electrodes during electrólis. It is noted that the signal corresponds to a square waveform with a lot of noise.



test strip open bite - without resin (Micropunt0)

Solution: 160 grams of copper sulfate x 1 liter of distilled water
Voltage:
0 , 5 volts
Times: 15-minute intervals

Metal: copper
Resin:
resin-free, open bite

When recording with electrolysis is not necessary to use resins, electrolysis occurs microdots on the surface of exposed metal.